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Integrative Rheumatology Guide to Psoriatic Arthritis

As we all know, Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a long-term autoimmune condition marked by joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, often accompanied by the skin symptoms of psoriasis. Although the exact cause is unknown, a mix of genetic and environmental factors is believed to trigger its onset (Mease, 2011).

Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease that affects not only the joints and skin but also various other systems in the body. Managing PsA requires a comprehensive understanding of its symptoms, triggers, and impact on overall health. This guide explores the wide-ranging effects of PsA and provides considerations for living with the condition that Rheumission’s care team can help you with during and between appointments.

Psoriatic Arthritis is much more complex than joint pain and swelling. It's important to understand how an autoimmune condition affects your whole body so that you can make each day the best it can be, whether you are preventing a flare, in a flare, or in a time where symptoms are well-managed.

Understanding diagnosis types, symptoms that appear unrelated but connected to your PsA, the role of gut health, the importance of nail and skin care, and key lifestyle factors such as weight management are all important to managing your condition. 

We hope this post will give you a wider understanding of your PsA health, helping you work with your integrative rheumatologist and care team to live a fuller, healthier life.

Part 1: Top 8 Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis

While joint pain and skin symptoms are hallmark features of PsA, the condition can present with a wide variety of symptoms that affect multiple aspects of health and well-being. If you are new to diagnosis, the following list may help you review and reflect on how you’ve been feeling and what you’ve been experiencing. 

1. Joint Pain and Stiffness

  • Common Locations: Fingers, toes, knees, spine, and hips 
  • Key Features: Swelling, warmth, and stiffness, particularly in the morning or after inactivity.

2. Skin and Nail Changes

  • Psoriasis Plaques: Red, scaly patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, or lower back. 
  • Nail Symptoms: Pitting, ridging, and separation from the nail bed.

3. Fatigue

  • Prevalence: Affects more than 50% of people with PsA
  • Cause: Likely linked to systemic inflammation, poor sleep, and mental health challenges.

4. Mental Health 

  • Anxiety and Depression: Common due to chronic pain, fatigue, and the psychological impact of visible skin symptoms 
  • Brain Fog: Difficulty concentrating or remembering, often related to inflammation.

5. Sleep Issues

  • Causes: Pain, itching, and anxiety can interfere with restful sleep 
  • Impact: Sleep deprivation exacerbates fatigue and lowers quality of life.

6. Eye and Vision Challenges

  • Uveitis: Inflammation of the eye causing redness, pain, and blurred vision 
  • Dry Eye Syndrome: A common secondary condition.

7. Gastrointestinal Issues

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): PsA increases the risk of IBD, highlighting the gut-skin-joint connection 

8. Cardiovascular Risks

  • Heart Disease: Chronic inflammation contributes to higher cardiovascular risks in PsA patients.

Part 2: 5 Things to Know about Psoriatic Arthritis + what they mean for you

#1: Nail and Skin Changes as Key Indicators

Nail and skin changes are hallmark symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis. Nail pitting, ridging, and separation from the nail bed are common. Similarly, psoriasis plaques can worsen during PsA flares. The connection between skin and joints highlights the systemic nature of the disease (Menter et al., 2009).

What does this mean for you? Pay attention to changes in your nails and skin as they can be early indicators of disease activity. Treat your skin with gentle, psoriasis-friendly products, and consult a dermatologist or rheumatologist if symptoms worsen. Early intervention is key.

#2: Psoriatic Arthritis' Impact Beyond Joints

While PsA primarily affects joints, it also involves other parts of the body. Inflammation can contribute to symptoms such as fatigue, uveitis (eye inflammation), cardiovascular disease, and depression or anxiety (Gladman et al., 2018). Enthesitis, or inflammation where tendons attach to bones, is another common symptom.

What does this mean for you? Being aware of PsA’s systemic nature can help you and your provider monitor and address symptoms beyond joint pain. Regular check-ups for cardiovascular health, mental health, and eye health are crucial. This whole body approach ensures comprehensive care in managing your condition..

#3: The Role of Diet in PsA Management

A balanced, anti-inflammatory diet can help manage PsA. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, such as fatty fish, leafy greens, and fruits, are particularly beneficial. Research suggests that turmeric and ginger may also help reduce inflammation (Calder, 2017).

What does this mean for you? Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet can be a powerful tool in managing Psoriatic Arthritis. Consider consulting with a registered dietitian familiar with autoimmune conditions to create a diet plan that supports your treatment regimen and overall health.

#4: Gut Health’s Connection to Psoriatic Arthritis

Emerging research highlights the relationship between gut health and autoimmune diseases like PsA. An imbalance in gut bacteria, known as dysbiosis, may contribute to inflammation and disease activity (Myers et al., 2009).

What does this mean for you? Incorporating gut-friendly foods such as probiotics, found in yogurt, kefir, and fermented foods, and prebiotics, found in fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, can support your overall health. Avoiding processed foods and excess sugar may also help reduce inflammation.

#5: Weight Management’s Role in PsA

Carrying excess weight can worsen PsA symptoms by increasing joint stress and inflammation. Additionally, fat tissue produces proinflammatory molecules that may exacerbate the disease (Kumthekar et al., 2020).

What does this mean for you? Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce stress on your joints and improve your response to treatment. Partner with your healthcare provider to develop a sustainable weight management plan that includes regular physical activity and a balanced diet.

Part 3: 6 Ideas for Managing Psoriatic Arthritis: keep condition activity low, help prevent progression

Managing PsA effectively involves addressing both the physical and emotional impacts of the disease. Rheumission employs the strategies below to ensure that medications plus lifestyle habits and choices pair together to give you the best chance of keeping your symptoms managed and reduce the risk of progression.

1. Holistic Treatment Approach

  • Medications and Supplements: Exact types of medication and supplements will depend on symptoms, current medications and supplements, and prior medication regimen. 
  • Lifestyle Therapies: The six pillars of lifestyle medicine will review how you are living and what new habits and strategies can be tried to help improve symptom management 

2. Nutrition and Diet

  • Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains 
  • Gut Health: Incorporate probiotics and prebiotics to support the gut microbiome 

3. Regular Physical Activity

  • Low-Impact Exercise: Swimming, walking, and tai chi to maintain joint mobility and strength 
  • Stretching Routines: Prevent stiffness and improve flexibility.

4. Mental Health Support

  • Counseling: A variety of therapy types, depending on what you’ve tried before, or where you are in your mental health can help manage anxiety and depression.
  • Support Groups: Connect with others living with PsA for shared experiences and encouragement.

5. Managing Triggers

  • Stress Reduction: Practice relaxation techniques to lower flare-up risks.
  • Environmental Factors: Avoid cold weather exposure and maintain skin hydration to reduce irritation.

6. Comprehensive Care Coordination

  • Integrative Rheumatologist: Central to managing joint and systemic inflammation.
  • Dermatologist: Key for addressing skin and nail symptoms.
  • Other Specialists: Cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and mental health professionals for managing other existing conditions as appropriate for your individual health.

Looking ahead: Feeling better with Psoriatic Arthritis

Understanding the full spectrum of psoriatic arthritis symptoms and adopting a holistic approach to treatment can improve how you feel each day, and the plans and goals you have for your life now and into the future. Collaborating with a multidisciplinary team such as the one at Rheumission will give you the support and care to develop a plan tailored to your unique needs and circumstances.

Understanding the deeper elements of Psoriatic Arthritis, from nail and skin care to the importance of diet and weight management, is vital in managing this chronic condition. We are always available to answer more questions and help you create a treatment plan that addresses all these factors.

To learn more about our Rheumission approach to care, please visit the Why Rheumission section of our site or book a 15-minute intro call with one of our providers. The Rheumission Way helps you get back to being you, with more joy and less pain. We will listen to you and co-create a plan that works for where you are now and where you want to be. We are always here for you.

About the author

Dr. Micah Yu is an integrative rheumatologist who incorporates complementary medicine with traditional rheumatology. He is quadruple board-certified in Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Integrative Medicine and Lifestyle Medicine. He obtained his MD from Chicago Medical School and holds a Masters in Healthcare Administration and Biomedical sciences. He completed his internal medicine residency and rheumatology fellowship at Loma Linda University in Southern California. He is a graduate of the Andrew Weil Integrative Medicine Fellowship at the University of Arizona. In addition, he is certified in functional medicine through the Institute of Functional Medicine. He has a very unique perspective on autoimmune disease and arthritis, as he is both a patient with arthritis and physician. Dr. Yu was diagnosed with gout at the age of 17 and later diagnosed with spondyloarthritis as well. He is able to understand his patient’s medical problems from a patient perspective. The foundation of his practice is to combine allopathic medicine with complementary medicine. He works with his patients to come up with a treatment plan that not only fights the disease, but also is aligned with his patient’s goals. In addition to Rheumission, Dr. Yu is on social media under @MYAutoimmuneMD educating about autoimmune diseases and integrative medicine.

Note: This information is for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new healthcare regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

References

1. Mease, P. J. (2011). Psoriatic arthritis: Update on pathophysiology, assessment and management. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases.

2. Menter, A., et al. (2009). Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

3. Gladman, D. D., et al. (2018). Psoriatic arthritis: Epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.

4. Zhao, S. S., et al. (2020). Systematic review of mental health comorbidities in psoriatic arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology.

5. Kumthekar, A, et al. (2020). Obesity and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Narrative Review. Rheumatology and Therapy.

6. Myers, B., et al. (2019). The gut microbiome in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology.

7. Calder, P. C. (2017). Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: From molecules to man. Biochemical Society Transactions.